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Mareecham-Black Pepper ( Piper nigrum ) Part 1 Introduction Maricha, maricham, black pepper ( Piper nigrum ) is regarded as the “king of spice” . It is incredibly popular among spices since ancient times. This flowering vine is cultivated for its fruit, known as ‘Peppercorn’ which is dried and used as spice and seasoning.  Black pepper has been known to Indian cooking since 2000 BC. Black pepper was very popular in India since Chera dynasty of Tamil and Malabar Coast (now the state of Kerala). The lost ancient port city of Muziris in Kerala famous for exporting black pepper gets mentioned in a number of classical historical sources. Black pepper or peppercorns being steeply/highly prized trade goods were known as “black gold” and were used for barter trading. The legacy of this barter trade remains in some Western legal systems that recognize the term “peppercorn rent”  The ancient history of black pepper is often interlinked and confused with that of long pepper, Pippali

Pharmacology of Aardraka-Ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) Part 5  Some testimonials from modern research Pharmacokinetics of Ginger                A study was designed to investigate pharmacokinetics of Ginger ( Zingiber officinale ). After oral administration of 2.0 G of         Ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) extract to human volunteers, free 10-gingerol and 6-shogaol were detected in plasma with peak concentrations at 1 hour, but no free 6-gingerol and 8-gingerol were detected up to 24 hours. Very low concentrations (2-3 ng/mL) of 10-gingerol glucuronide and sulphate were found in colon tissues. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that half lives of [6-8-10]-gingerol and 6-shogaol and their metabolites were 1-3 hours in human plasma. No accumulation of these phytochemicals and their metabolites was observed both in plasma and colon tissues after multiple daily dosing. [239] In a study the solubility of phytochemicals from Ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) was found